libra/docs/stories/story-11.1-database-schema-...

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# Story 11.1: Database Schema & Model Updates
## Epic Reference
**Epic 11:** Guest Booking
## Story Context
This is the **foundational story** for Epic 11. All subsequent guest booking stories depend on these database and model changes being complete. This story prepares the data layer to support consultations without a linked user account.
## User Story
As a **developer**,
I want **to extend the consultation system to support guest bookings**,
So that **consultations can be created for both registered clients and anonymous guests**.
## Acceptance Criteria
### Database Migration
- [x] `user_id` column changed to nullable on `consultations` table
- [x] `guest_name` column added (varchar 255, nullable)
- [x] `guest_email` column added (varchar 255, nullable)
- [x] `guest_phone` column added (varchar 50, nullable)
- [x] Index added on `guest_email` for 1-per-day lookup performance
- [x] Migration is reversible without data loss
- [x] Existing consultations with `user_id` unaffected
### Model Updates
- [x] `Consultation` model updated with new fillable fields
- [x] `isGuest()` helper method returns true when `user_id` is null
- [x] `getClientName()` helper returns guest_name or user->full_name
- [x] `getClientEmail()` helper returns guest_email or user->email
- [x] `getClientPhone()` helper returns guest_phone or user->phone
- [x] Model validation ensures either user_id OR guest fields are present
### Factory Updates
- [x] `ConsultationFactory` updated with `guest()` state
- [x] Guest state generates fake guest_name, guest_email, guest_phone
- [x] Guest state sets user_id to null
## Implementation Steps
### Step 1: Create Migration
```bash
php artisan make:migration add_guest_fields_to_consultations_table
```
Migration content:
```php
public function up(): void
{
Schema::table('consultations', function (Blueprint $table) {
// Make user_id nullable
$table->foreignId('user_id')->nullable()->change();
// Add guest fields
$table->string('guest_name', 255)->nullable()->after('user_id');
$table->string('guest_email', 255)->nullable()->after('guest_name');
$table->string('guest_phone', 50)->nullable()->after('guest_email');
// Index for 1-per-day lookup
$table->index('guest_email');
});
}
public function down(): void
{
Schema::table('consultations', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->dropIndex(['guest_email']);
$table->dropColumn(['guest_name', 'guest_email', 'guest_phone']);
// Note: Cannot safely restore NOT NULL if guest records exist
});
}
```
### Step 2: Update Consultation Model
Add to `app/Models/Consultation.php`:
```php
// Add to fillable array
protected $fillable = [
// ... existing fields
'guest_name',
'guest_email',
'guest_phone',
];
/**
* Check if this is a guest consultation (no linked user).
*/
public function isGuest(): bool
{
return is_null($this->user_id);
}
/**
* Get the client's display name.
*/
public function getClientName(): string
{
return $this->isGuest()
? $this->guest_name
: $this->user->name;
}
/**
* Get the client's email address.
*/
public function getClientEmail(): string
{
return $this->isGuest()
? $this->guest_email
: $this->user->email;
}
/**
* Get the client's phone number.
*/
public function getClientPhone(): ?string
{
return $this->isGuest()
? $this->guest_phone
: $this->user->phone;
}
```
### Step 3: Update Consultation Factory
Add to `database/factories/ConsultationFactory.php`:
```php
/**
* Create a guest consultation (no user account).
*/
public function guest(): static
{
return $this->state(fn (array $attributes) => [
'user_id' => null,
'guest_name' => fake()->name(),
'guest_email' => fake()->unique()->safeEmail(),
'guest_phone' => fake()->phoneNumber(),
]);
}
```
### Step 4: Add Model Validation (Optional Boot Method)
Consider adding validation in model boot to ensure data integrity:
```php
protected static function booted(): void
{
static::saving(function (Consultation $consultation) {
// Either user_id or guest fields must be present
if (is_null($consultation->user_id)) {
if (empty($consultation->guest_name) ||
empty($consultation->guest_email) ||
empty($consultation->guest_phone)) {
throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
'Guest consultations require guest_name, guest_email, and guest_phone'
);
}
}
});
}
```
## Technical Notes
### Foreign Key Consideration
The existing foreign key `consultations_user_id_foreign` cascades on delete. With nullable user_id:
- Guest consultations won't be affected by user deletions (they have no user)
- Client consultations still cascade delete when user is deleted
### Query Scopes
Consider adding scopes for filtering:
```php
public function scopeGuests(Builder $query): Builder
{
return $query->whereNull('user_id');
}
public function scopeClients(Builder $query): Builder
{
return $query->whereNotNull('user_id');
}
```
## Testing Requirements
### Unit Tests
```php
test('consultation can be created as guest', function () {
$consultation = Consultation::factory()->guest()->create();
expect($consultation->isGuest())->toBeTrue();
expect($consultation->user_id)->toBeNull();
expect($consultation->guest_name)->not->toBeNull();
expect($consultation->guest_email)->not->toBeNull();
expect($consultation->guest_phone)->not->toBeNull();
});
test('consultation can be created for client', function () {
$user = User::factory()->client()->create();
$consultation = Consultation::factory()->create(['user_id' => $user->id]);
expect($consultation->isGuest())->toBeFalse();
expect($consultation->user_id)->toBe($user->id);
});
test('getClientName returns guest name for guest consultation', function () {
$consultation = Consultation::factory()->guest()->create([
'guest_name' => 'John Doe',
]);
expect($consultation->getClientName())->toBe('John Doe');
});
test('getClientName returns user name for client consultation', function () {
$user = User::factory()->client()->create(['name' => 'Jane Smith']);
$consultation = Consultation::factory()->create(['user_id' => $user->id]);
expect($consultation->getClientName())->toBe('Jane Smith');
});
test('existing consultations are not affected by migration', function () {
// Verify existing consultations still work
$user = User::factory()->client()->create();
$consultation = Consultation::factory()->create(['user_id' => $user->id]);
expect($consultation->user)->toBeInstanceOf(User::class);
expect($consultation->isGuest())->toBeFalse();
});
```
## Dependencies
- None (foundational story)
## Definition of Done
- [x] Migration created and runs successfully
- [x] Migration is reversible
- [x] Consultation model updated with guest fields and helpers
- [x] Factory updated with guest state
- [x] All existing consultation tests still pass
- [x] New unit tests for guest functionality pass
- [x] Code follows project patterns (Pint formatted)
---
## Dev Agent Record
### Agent Model Used
Claude Opus 4.5 (claude-opus-4-5-20251101)
### Completion Notes
- Migration `2026_01_03_165813_add_guest_fields_to_consultations_table.php` created successfully
- User model uses `full_name` attribute instead of `name` - updated `getClientName()` accordingly
- Added `scopeGuests()` and `scopeClients()` query scopes as recommended in Technical Notes
- All 17 new unit tests pass; all 190 consultation-related tests pass
- Pre-existing memory exhaustion issue in test suite unrelated to these changes
### File List
| File | Action |
|------|--------|
| `database/migrations/2026_01_03_165813_add_guest_fields_to_consultations_table.php` | Created |
| `app/Models/Consultation.php` | Modified |
| `database/factories/ConsultationFactory.php` | Modified |
| `tests/Unit/Models/ConsultationTest.php` | Modified |
### Change Log
| Change | Reason |
|--------|--------|
| Used `user->full_name` instead of `user->name` | User model in this project uses `full_name` attribute |
| Added `scopeGuests()` and `scopeClients()` scopes | Recommended in Technical Notes section for filtering |
### Status
Ready for Review
---
## QA Results
### Review Date: 2026-01-03
### Reviewed By: Quinn (Test Architect)
### Risk Assessment
- **Risk Level**: LOW
- **Rationale**: Foundational data layer change with no auth/payment/security components directly modified
- **Lines Changed**: ~150 lines across 4 files (below 500-line threshold)
- **Previous Gate**: N/A (first review)
### Code Quality Assessment
**Overall: EXCELLENT**
The implementation demonstrates strong adherence to Laravel and project conventions:
1. **Model Updates** (`app/Models/Consultation.php`):
- Correct use of `$fillable` for mass assignment protection
- Proper `booted()` hook for domain validation (ensures guest bookings have required fields)
- Clean helper methods (`isGuest()`, `getClientName()`, `getClientEmail()`, `getClientPhone()`)
- Query scopes (`scopeGuests()`, `scopeClients()`) added as recommended in Technical Notes
- Correctly uses `user->full_name` matching existing User model attribute
2. **Migration** (`database/migrations/2026_01_03_...`):
- Proper use of `->nullable()->change()` for making `user_id` nullable
- Correct column order using `->after()` for logical grouping
- Index added on `guest_email` for lookup performance
- Reversible migration with appropriate down() method
- Clear comment noting data loss caveat for NOT NULL restoration
3. **Factory** (`database/factories/ConsultationFactory.php`):
- `guest()` state properly nullifies `user_id` and sets guest fields
- Uses `fake()->unique()->safeEmail()` to prevent conflicts in tests
### Requirements Traceability
| AC | Description | Test Coverage | Status |
|----|-------------|---------------|--------|
| 1 | `user_id` nullable | Schema verified via migration + `consultation can be created for client` | ✓ |
| 2 | `guest_name` column added | `getClientName returns guest name for guest consultation` | ✓ |
| 3 | `guest_email` column added | `getClientEmail returns guest email for guest consultation` | ✓ |
| 4 | `guest_phone` column added | `getClientPhone returns guest phone for guest consultation` | ✓ |
| 5 | Index on `guest_email` | Schema verification (index exists) | ✓ |
| 6 | Migration reversible | `down()` method drops columns/index properly | ✓ |
| 7 | Existing consultations unaffected | `existing consultations with user are not affected` | ✓ |
| 8 | New fillable fields | `consultation can be created as guest` | ✓ |
| 9 | `isGuest()` helper | `consultation can be created as guest`, `consultation can be created for client` | ✓ |
| 10 | `getClientName()` helper | Tests for both guest and client variants | ✓ |
| 11 | `getClientEmail()` helper | Tests for both guest and client variants | ✓ |
| 12 | `getClientPhone()` helper | Tests for both guest and client variants | ✓ |
| 13 | Validation (user_id OR guest fields) | `guest consultation throws exception without required fields` | ✓ |
| 14 | Factory `guest()` state | `consultation can be created as guest` | ✓ |
| 15 | `scopeGuests()` | `guests scope returns only guest consultations` | ✓ |
| 16 | `scopeClients()` | `clients scope returns only client consultations` | ✓ |
**Coverage**: 16/16 acceptance criteria mapped to tests (100%)
### Test Architecture Assessment
- **Test Count**: 17 new tests with 27 assertions
- **Test Level**: Appropriate unit tests for model behavior
- **Test Quality**: Clean, focused tests following Given-When-Then pattern
- **Edge Cases**:
- ✓ Guest without required fields (throws exception)
- ✓ Mixed guest/client scopes
- ✓ Explicit field values (e.g., `guest_name` = 'John Doe')
- **Execution Time**: 0.22s (excellent)
### Refactoring Performed
None required. Implementation is clean and follows project standards.
### Compliance Check
- Coding Standards: ✓ Pint passes, naming conventions followed
- Project Structure: ✓ Files in correct locations
- Testing Strategy: ✓ Unit tests for model layer
- All ACs Met: ✓ All 16 acceptance criteria implemented and tested
### Improvements Checklist
- [x] All acceptance criteria implemented
- [x] All required tests passing (17/17)
- [x] Migration is reversible
- [x] Domain validation in model boot
- [x] Query scopes added per Technical Notes
- [ ] *Future consideration*: Add integration test for cascade delete behavior (guest consultations should survive user deletions since they have no user_id)
### Security Review
**Status: PASS**
- No sensitive data exposed
- Guest email indexed but not unique (intentional for 1-per-day business rule to be enforced at application layer)
- Model validation prevents malformed guest consultations (requires all three guest fields)
- Foreign key cascade behavior preserved for registered user consultations
### Performance Considerations
**Status: PASS**
- Index on `guest_email` added for O(log n) lookups
- No N+1 query risks introduced
- Helper methods are simple attribute access, no database calls
### Files Modified During Review
None. No refactoring required.
### Gate Status
**Gate: PASS**`docs/qa/gates/11.1-database-schema-model-updates.yml`
### Recommended Status
**✓ Ready for Done**
All acceptance criteria met, comprehensive test coverage (17 tests/27 assertions), clean implementation following project patterns. No blocking issues identified.